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Objective@#To identify the etiology and source of infection in a diarrhea outbreak in Yunnan in May 2017 and to provide the evidence for formulating prevention and control measures.@*Methods@#Epidemiological investigation was carried out on the epidemic situation of diarrhea in the village of Lvchun County in Yunnan Province, the field sampling, laboratory testing and data analysis were also performed.@*Results@#Among the 44 patients, 11 of the 13 samples were positive for rotavirus nucleic acid in group A, and the positive rate was 84.62%. The survey showed that the water supply pipe was damaged and polluted by human and livestock manure and domestic sewage. The trend of the damaged water pipe was basically the same as the case distribution, and the rainfall was significantly related to the number of the disease.@*Conclusions@#This event was an outbreak of diarrhea caused by group A rotavirus. The direct pollution of drinking water caused by rainfall may be the risk factor of this outbreak. The health management of rural drinking water should be strengthened and the health knowledge and education of preventing intestinal infectious diseases should be promoted.
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Objective@#To evaluate the non-carcinogenic health risk of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn) in residential indoor dust for young children around an e-waste dismantling area in South China.@*Methods@#A village around an e-waste dismantling area in South China was selected as a research site in October 2016. Convenience sampling method was used to select 36 houses in the village and 36 dust samples were collected by vacuum cleaner. The concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn) in each sample were determined and expressed by the average value. Non-carcinogenic health risk assessment was conducted using the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Health Risk Assessment (HRA) model, the American Toxicology and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Target-organ Toxicity Dose (TTD) approach and the ATSDR Binary Weight-of-Evidence (BINWOE) model.@*Results@#The mean ± SD of concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn were (48.90±33.91), (5.95±3.89), (173.57±580.37), (412.71±1 190.00), (612.82±540.70), (297.41±293.22) and (1 052.81±1 156.48) mg/kg, respectively. The HI value of TTD (2.670) and BINWOE (2.933) were higher than the safety threshold of EPA recommended non-carcinogenic health risk. The HI value of TTD and BINWOE were 1.93 and 2.12 times higher than the HI value of HRA (1.386).@*Conclusion@#There was non-carcinogenic health risk of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn) via residential indoor dust around the e-waste dismantling area for local children.
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Objective:To detect the degree of oxidative stress in the process when Porphyromonas gin-givalis ( P. gingivalis) stimulates human vascular endothelium, And to investigate the effect of peroxi-some proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR)γ on oxidative stress during this process. Methods:Human vascular endothelial cells ( HVECs) line EA. hy926 ( American Type Culture Collection ,United States) was cultured in high glucose Dulbecco' s modified eagle medium ( DMEM) . Four groups were designed:control group, P. gingivalis infected group, PPARγactivated group and PPARγblocked group. In con-trol group HVECs were cultured with only DMEM. In P. gingivalis infected group, HVECs were time-dependently stimulated by P. gingivalis W83 from 0 to 12 h. In PPARγ activated group or PPARγblocked group, PPARγ was pre-activated or blocked by a representative PPARγ agonist(15d-PGJ2 10μmol/L) or antagonist ( GW966210μmol/L) 30 minutes before the cells were stimulated by P. gingiva-lis. At 0, 0. 5, 1, 1. 5, 2, 4, 8, and 12 h, the culture medium was collected individually and centri-fuged, and the supernatant was stored for assay. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and malondialdehyde( MDA) were analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cellular reactive oxygen species ( ROS) were detected through 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFA-DA) fluorescent probe at various time points of the different groups. Results:In P. gingivalis infected group, the levels of GSH-PX [(5. 56 ± 0. 97) μmol/L] and MDA [(0. 84 ± 0. 18) nmol/L] were significantly higher than those in control group [GSH-PX(4. 71 ± 0. 64) μmol/L, MDA (0. 59 ± 0. 18) nmol/L)]. The levels of GSH-PX and MDA in PPARγactivated group [GSH-PX (5. 38 ± 0. 84) μmol/L, MDA (0. 84 ± 0. 22) nmol/L] and in PPARγblocked group [GSH-PX (5. 37 ± 0. 76) μmol/L, MDA (0. 85 ± 0. 14) nmol/L] were signi-ficantly higher than those in control group (P <0. 05). In the PPARγ activated group, the levels of GSH-PX at 0 . 5 and 8 h were significantly higher than those from 1 . 5 h to 4 h ( P<0 . 05 ) , while no difference was observed on the MDA levels at different time points. There was no significant difference at various time points for the levels of GSH-PX and MDA in PPARγ blocked group. The level of cellular ROS detected by DCFH-DA in P. gingivalis infected group was significantly higher than that in control group (10 108. 65 ± 1 805. 18 vs. 6 049. 06 ± 1 199. 19,P<0. 05). No difference was observed be-tween PPARγ activated group (7 120. 94 ± 1 447. 30) or PPARγblocked group (6 727. 35 ± 1 483. 68) and control group. Conclusion:Oxidative stress happens when P. gingivalis stimulates human vascular endothelium. PPARγ may involve in modulating oxidative stress during this process.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), p16 protein in lip cancers and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) as well as their clinicopathological significance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Immunohistochemisty for expression VEGF, EGFR, P16 were carried out in 69 cases of lip cancers and OSCC.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Expression of VEGF, EGFR, p16 protein in OSCC and lip cancers was respectively 71.01%, 46.37%, 28.98% and there were no significance between their positive expressions (P > 0.05) as well as in different sites of them (P > 0.05). Expression of VEGF was respectively 71.01% in cancers and 10.00% in non-tumor tissues, there was statistic significance among those (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The results show that there is no correlation to the expression of VEGF, EGFR and P16 protein in OSCC and lip cancers. It is suggests that the expression of VEGF might become one of the useful markers for OSCC.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Chemistry , Pathology , Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 , Endothelial Growth Factors , Immunohistochemistry , Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins , Lip Neoplasms , Chemistry , Pathology , Lymphokines , Mouth Neoplasms , Chemistry , Pathology , ErbB Receptors , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A , Vascular Endothelial Growth FactorsABSTRACT
Objective:To compare the sealing ability and marginal adaptation of three obturation techniques when used in root canal obsturation of c-shaped canals of mandibular second molars. Methods:Twenty-one extracted mandibular second molars with C-shaped canals were randomly divided into three groups. After instrumentation, the canals were filled using three different techniques: ObturaⅡ(group A), cold lateral condensation (group B) and Thermafil (group C). Then, gaps,obturated lateral canals and reticular apical triangles on the X-ray were counted. After dyeing for 7 days in the ink, dyeing lines were measured to reflect the microleakage. The percentages of gutta-percha, sealer and gaps on the root canal surface were determined by analyzing the images of 3 sections per tooth. Results:The reticular apical triangles were most frequently observed in group C(P